Colloquia

Summary

In sub-Saharan Africa, only 20% of the population has access to clean cooking solutions. Cooking with wood and charcoal has dramatic health impacts, high greenhouse gas emissions, and it contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity. This research analyses and optimises a photovoltaic electric steam cooking system designed for schools and communities in Madagascar. The existing system includes 520 W solar panels, 18 kW of inverter capacity, 15 kWh of lithium-ion battery storage, and a 4.6 kW electric steam cooker capable of preparing 40 kg rice or 25 kg of vegetables. However, the system is currently not profitable and has significant energy losses, which creates challenges for large-scale implementation. The system is analysed by using existing data, a test setup and a Python-based simulation model. The design science research methodology (DSRM) is applied to identify, implement, and evaluate optimisation measures. The results show that multiple components can be downsized to reduce system costs, while energy efficiency can be improved through for example pre-heating water with excess steam. To increase the system's performance ratio, energy curtailment should be minimised which can be achieved by adding additional loads to the system and improving the cooker's load control. These optimisation measures are evaluated and compared using predefined requirements and key performance indicators focused on energy use, costs, modularity, and functionality. Additionally, different scenarios are explored to highlight the importance of the context in which the system is implemented. This research combines both real-world performance data, test setup results, and a simulation model, demonstrating practical measures to improve solar cooking technologies and reduce dependence on charcoal and wood.